Pertanyaan

Birth defects are structural changes present at birth that can affect almost any part or parts of the body (e.g, heart, brain, foot). They may affect how the body looks, works, or both. Birth defects can vary from mild to severe. The well being of each child affected with a birth defect depends mostly on which organ or body part is involved and how much it is affected. Depending on the severity of the defect and what body part is affected, the expected lifespan of a person with a birth defect may or may not be affected. A birth defect can be found before birth, at birth, or any time after birth. Certain birth defects are immediately seen at birth while others might not be diagnosed until after the baby is born. Most birth defects are found within the first year of life. Some birth defects (such as cleft lip) are easy to see, but others (such as heart defects or hearing loss) are found using special tests, such as echocardiograms (an ultrasound picture of the heart), x-rays, or hearing tests. For some birth defects, like fetal alcohol syndrome, we know the cause. For most birth defects, we think they are caused by a complex mix of factors. These factors include our genes (information inherited from our parents), our behaviors, and things in the environment. Nevertheless, we don't fully understand how these factors might work together to cause birth defects. While we still have more work to do, we have learned a lot about birth defects through past research. For example, some things might increase the chances of having a baby with a birth defect, such as smoking, drinking alcohol, having uncontrolled diabetes, consuming isotretinoin (a drug used to treat severe acne), and being an older mother. Having one or more of these risks doesn't mean you'll have a pregnancy affected by a birth defect. Also, women can have a baby born with a birth defect even when they don't have any of these risks. It is important to talk to your doctor about what you can do to lower your risk. (Adapted from www.od go on January 18, 2011) The second paragraph of the text above mainly talks about... a. identifying birth defects: b. preparing for birth defects c. treatment for birth defects d. findings relating to birth defects e. deciding time to avoid birth defects

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