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YOUR CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

Heart structure and function

    Your heart is a natural pump that pushes blood around your body. It has two sides that are divided by a thick wall called the septum. Both sides are divided into two closed spaces called chambers. The upper chamber is the atrium and the lower chamber is the ventricle.

    The right atrium receives blood from your body. This blood is deoxygenated - it does not carry very much oxygen (O₂). First, the right atrium pumps the blood to the right ventricle. Then the right ventricle pumps it to the lungs where it picks up new oxygen from the air that you breathe.

    The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it into the left vertricle. Then the left ventricle pumps the blood around the rest of your body. This blood carries oxygen to all of your body's other cells.

Arteries, capillaries and veins

    Blood circulates through your body in a closed system of tubes called arteries and veins. The arteries carry blood away from the heart and divide into branches of smaller tubes.

    The smallest tubes, called capillaries, are thinner than a human hair. The walls of the capillaries are so thin that oxygen can pass through them and into the cells of your body. Your cells also release carbon dioxide (CO₂) and other waste products into the blood. Then the blood flows back to your heart through the veins carrying away the waste products.

What separates the left and right sides of the heart?